What Does an Outline Format For a Research Paper Looks Like?

What Does an Outline Format For a Research Paper Looks Like?Most online writers who are looking to write a research paper do not have a very good understanding of what an outline format for a research paper looks like. If you are new to this type of writing, you should start by learning about the outline format so that you can write an effective research paper.First of all, when you start researching an outline format for a research paper, you should remember that an outline format is based on the ideas and arguments you have available to you. You have to learn how to present all the information you have found, so that you can move from one point to another without getting lost in the shuffle.An outline format for a research paper is not just a thing you create and stick in the margins. It's a very important tool that will help you make sure that you get the best research that you can. Your outline format for a research paper is the same thing as the outline format that a journal edi tor uses to decide whether or not a manuscript will be accepted.In order to learn how to make an outline format for a research paper, you need to develop your own research plan. You have to come up with your own data and methods and write it down so that you can keep track of it as you move through the project. Once you understand how an outline format for a research paper works, you can write a good outline.Your outline format for a research paper will vary depending on what you plan to write. For example, if you are researching and writing a review, you'll probably need a different outline format from when you are writing a novel. A research paper is a summary of the information you have gathered, so it should be designed in such a way that you can easily organize your research and make it look professional. Because it's a summary, it will always contain shorter paragraphs.You should also realize that most online writers who don't have an understanding of an outline format for a r esearch paper make the mistake of writing something very bland. The reason they do this is because they have no idea how to organize their ideas or how to structure them so that they flow nicely. This is why it's very important to read as much as you can about writing before you start writing.You also need to be able to write about an outline format for a research paper in a professional tone. Because it's important that you present your ideas in a way that won't make them sound like they were written by an amateur, it's a good idea to prepare yourself before you begin writing so that you can handle your essay well and make it easy for anyone to read.

Essay Paper Writer

Essay Paper WriterTo write an essay paper in college, the best advice is to get the help of a college essay writer. You can hire a college professional to do the writing for you. The resume that you wrote can be turned into a solid paper by the hiring of a qualified essay writer.College students also hire a professional essay writer to make their essay paper successful. Many colleges and universities require the submission of an essay, which is mainly composed of information on the life of a student. If you want to find a writer, then you should take some time to find one who specializes in writing essays. In the past, there were no writers who specialized in writing essays.Essays are usually created to answer questions from the reader. They are not meant to express opinions. The essays that you submit will determine if you make it into the college. These essays should be able to answer all the necessary questions, so you can apply to the college.An essay writer can guide you through the process of writing a good essay. You can make your own mistakes while writing the essay, but with help from the writer, you can correct the errors and make your essay a good one. The essay writer will be the one who will help you get the right information for writing an essay that is both reliable and professional.As a college student, you should know that making money is important for your college degree. You must be a hard worker to get the degrees that you desire. These degrees will help you find a good job in your field. The first thing that you need to do is to make sure that you have a decent grade for the paper. You can do this by paying attention to the points of your essay and writing it properly.Another way to avoid errors is to always give your papers as soon as possible. This will ensure that you are able to finish the assignment early. The college essay writers usually work on your paper from morning to night to make sure that your essay is neat and professional.Th ere are many opportunities to find an essay writer to write an essay for you. One good thing about finding an essay writer is that you will know that the essay will be delivered well. However, you should still give the best effort to finish the essay.

Essay on Edgar Allan Poe Amazing Poet and Writer - 921 Words

Edgar Allan Poe is and was an amazing American poet and writer. He wrote many famous poems. Poe has been marked as the origin of both horror and detective fiction categories and many anthologies credit him as The Architect of the modern short story(Academy of American Poets). Poe was also part of the genre American Romantic movement which involved many other writers(Poemhunter). Edgar Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(Academy of American Poets). Poe was the second child of Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe, Jr. He had an older brother William Henry Leonard Poe and a younger sister Rosalie Poe(Poemhunter). Shortly after Poes birth his father abandoned them and their mother died of pulmonary†¦show more content†¦After dropping out of the University of Virginia Poe had to find a way to support himself. Poe began his military career. He enlisted in the United States Army as a private using the identity Edgar A. Perry and he then lied about h is age saying he was 22 but he was only 18(Poemhunter). This is where Poe finally released some of his work. Poe released his first book, collection of poetry titled Tamerlane and Other Poems which only had 50 copies printed and received almost no attention(Poemhunter). Poe was eventually discharged from the military on April 15, 1829. Poe was now seeking something different so he decided to go to the United States Military Academy at West Point(Poemhunter). While waiting to go to West Point Poe moved in with his now Widowed Aunt Maria Clemm, her daughter, Virginia Eliza Clemm and his brother Henry. There Poe published his second book, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane in Baltimore in 1829(Poemhunter). Poe finally transferred to West Point and was named a cadet on July 1, 1830(Poemhunter). Shortly after Poes induction to West Point John Allan had finally got re-married to Louisa Patterson. Louisa and Allan finally disowned Poe. Poe was then forced to leave West Point. He did so by getting purpos ely getting court-martialed(Poemhunter). But, during his time at West Point Poe continued to write. He released a third volume of poems, simply titled Poems. His Third volume was mostlyShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson Compare and Contrast Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe and Emily Dickinson, Compare and Contrast Emily Elizabeth Dickinson and Edgar Allan Poe are two of the biggest poets in American Literature from the 1800s. They had many things in common from their writings about death and sadness, because of their unfortunate losses in life, to the fact that they were both born in Massachusetts. They were also different in many ways. They were different in the way they looked at life and wrote about their experiences from it. While it is obviousRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe792 Words   |  4 PagesLord help my poor soul.(Neurotic Poets)The departing words of the 40-year-old American author, Edgar Allan Poe, on Sunday October 7, 1849. In Massachusetts on the 19th day of January in the year 1809, Edgar Poe was born to actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe Junior, making him an older brother to Rosalie Poe, and a younger one to William Henry Leonard Poe. Poe may, perchance, have been named after a character in the play that his parents were performing that year. He was neverRea d MoreMysteries in the Life of Edgar Allan Poe1277 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe There are many mysteries about the life of Edgar Allan Poe. While many are just legends, our dear poets life has many different tales. There are endless stories, and little truths. While it may be hard finding the stories in the writer’s life, they are not impossible. Edgar Allan Poe’s life was anything but easy. Most of his life was spent heartbroken and alone. He was a man gifted with amazing talent but the world failed to recognize his talents until after his death. Many believeRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography of Edgar Allan Poe617 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe was a famous author, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe wrote Mystery, Horror, and detective fiction. Edgar Allen Poe had a difficult life; he had troubles with family, employment, and depression which ended his life. Edgar was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts. His mother died when he was 2 and his father abandoned him and his siblings as a child. After he was given up for adoption at a young age, soon was adopted by the AllanRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe and His Dark Stories673 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allen Poe, an amazing writer and poet, known for his dark themes and use of literary elements. Many individuals read his stories and poetry, but do not know who Edgar Allen Poe is, aside from being a writer and poet. They also do not know why he wrote this way. The amount of time it took for him to be able to publish his first book or how sad he felt when his wife died, people do not know these things. These are the events that helped him become so determined and write so sorrowfully. Read More Edgar Allen Poe Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe is a writer of the 1800’s. He has written many classics and has a unique style. Edgar fits into a gothic romance style that was prevalent at the time of his writing. Science at the time was making leaps and bounds and often scientists were immoral and hypocritical. This is reflected in Edgar’s sonnet to science were science has been destroying all that Edgar finds wonderful in the world. Edgar has a tough life with many losses which is also reflectedRead MoreThe Great Stories By Edgar Allan Poe1238 Words   |  5 Pages In the mid-19th century, exploration of the new America was popular among the people. Poets during this time liked to write about adventure and new pristine worlds untouched by man. Edgar Allan Poe on the other hand used his own style of writing, that used dark symbolism and complex plots to excite the readers. Having seen death and understanding the feeling it brings, Poe had an easy time writing the great stories/poems that we know today. In the years of 1835-1845 the United States was inRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican poet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statement. The works of Edgar AllanRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Life And The Way1453 Words   |  6 Pagesperson that I choose to write about is Edgar Allan Poe. I choose Edgar Allan Poe because he is widely acknowledgeable as the inventor of the modern detective story and an innovator when it comes to the science fiction category. The reason I picked Poe is because I like the way he writes and how it’s kind of spooky and mysterious his poems and short stories The time period Edgar Allan Poe lived in affected his life and the way he wrote literature. When Poe first started out he was living as America’sRead MorePoe s Writing Technique And Style1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe first ever poem, or ever time I have heard about Edgar Allan Poe was in my 9th grade reading class I don’t really know much about Poe. Even when it was just another boring assignment I was interested. The way he captures tragedy and the way he just write his stories is so fascinating to me. I love the way his writing style was so dark and mysterious and I loved it even more that he didn’t only just write poems but short stories too. Edgar is truly and inspiration and I have recently decided to

The Philosophy Of The Liberal Progressive Philosophy

In class we have discussed three philosophies that have provided us with three different perspectives with how to view education in America. Each philosophy promotes educating people based on their point of view. The first philosophy is the Classical Traditional/Conservative philosophy established by E.D. Hirsch and Mortimer Adler. The Classical Traditional/conservative philosophy provides us with a historical rhetoric perspective of education. Hirsch and Adler believe in educating everyone the same way with the perspective of the dominant western culture and Judeo Christian values. The second philosophy is Liberal Progressive philosophy established by John Dewey and W.H. Kilpatrick. The Liberal Progressive Philosophy provides a refreshing perspective on education with empirical data to support its claims. In the Liberal Progressive philosophy education is seen as a social environment and a democratic ideology is promoted. The third philosophy is Critical Pedagogy established by Hen ry A. Giroux and Paulo Freire. Critical Pedagogy promotes Utopian ideas and provides people with a new consciousness on their oppression. Each philosophy has its own perspective on the role of the teacher, the learner, and the desired results. In the Classical Traditional/Conservative philosophy the role of the teacher is to be the source of all knowledge. The teacher is the intellectual and the authority figure. In the reading Mortimer Adler promotes the Paidea Proposal where the teacherShow MoreRelatedThe Components Elements Of Education1597 Words   |  7 PagesEducation comes in different philosophies and is a crucial element in every civilization. When a country is oppressed, one of the first things the oppressor tries to take over and get control is their education. The reason is because with education, one can give or withhold any kind of information and shape the nation in the way they see appropriate. With the exception of oppressed individuals, education teaches their society who they are, what is the nature of their environment, and how does theRead MoreProgressivism Philosophy Of Education : Progressivism1566 Words   |  7 PagesProgressivism Philosophy of Education The philosophy of progressivism in the classroom is one that is student centered. Being developed in the nineteenth century, the progressivism philosophy is considered one of the more modern philosophies of teaching. Founded by George Sanders Pierce, William James and John Dewey, this philosophy believes in hands on, action oriented learning to achieve results (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). This philosophy believes that education transpires through questionsRead MoreJohn Dewey s Theory Of Evolution1099 Words   |  5 Pageseducational psychology, Dewey was a voice for many liberal causes. Today his writings are still used by the more progressive factions in the United States. Because Dewey’s writings and philosophies are so extensive, I am going to concentrate on his influence related to the educational system. Dewey was partial to Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and the writings of William James. You can see the influence of Darwin’s philosophies in John Dewey’s educational works. He leaned heavilyRead MoreLiberalism, The Political Philosophy On Ideas Of Equality And Liberty1573 Words   |  7 PagesLiberalism Liberalism is the political philosophy on ideas of equality and liberty. Liberalisms focus is on the general ideas of fair elections by the people, civil rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, free trade, and private property. As with all things though, the way the idea of liberalism can viewed differ by each individual person and the trails they have gone through. Liberalism is no exception from this phenomenon and during the nineteenth Century there were many trails changingRead MoreGoals of the Progressive Era Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesProgressivism implies a philosophy that promotes change/reform in the current political, economic, and social aspects of society while conservatism stresses gradual change in society but promotes tradition rather than change. The Progressive movement from 1901 to 1917 worked to improve aspects of society that grew out of problems which occurred during the Industrial Age. The goals of the Progressives were to stop monopolies, corrupti on, inefficiency and social injustices. Both progressive acts and amendmentsRead MoreThe Progressive Era ( 1900-1919 )1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe Progressive Era (1900-1919) presented solutions to the social, political, and economic changes in the United States of America which had surfaced in the framework of the rapid changes produced during the Industrial Revolution and the growth of modern capitalism in America. Many progressives believed that these changes marked the end of the old order and invited the beginning of a new era fit for the industrial age. Others believed that these changes marked a necessity for improvement rather thanRead MoreAdult Learning Theory: Andragogy Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough proven scientific research and writings of experts in the field. First, we will summarize the evolution of the concept of Adult Learning. Second, we will examine several recognized Adult Learning Theories. Third, we shall explore the Philosophies of Adult Educat ion and finally, we will consider how technology affects life-long learners. To understand how adult learning evolved, we will need to explore how it all got started and which scientist established the term Andragogy. In 1928,Read MoreThe Educational Philosophy Of Adult Education803 Words   |  4 Pages15/T3, Dr. Jonathan Taylor The focus of this assignment was to view the educational philosophy concerning adult learning. Background histories of the adult’s education ages ago were briefly gleaned. Other topics viewed were on the adult educational philosophy, the five educational philosophical approaches, the personal adult educational philosophy, the adult learner, developing my own adult educational philosophy, and lastly on how changes is an educational practice. However, learning does take placeRead MoreThe Political Philosophy Of Colorado909 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Philosophy Politics are very influential in the shaping legislation that has an effect on healthcare policy. The politics of Colorado are considered to be moderate because the state’s electoral votes have varied between Democratic and Republican presidential nominees in the past. For example, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama won the states electoral votes in the recent past. On the other hand, the state has seen a greater number of Democratic governors than Republican onesRead MoreThe Technology Of The Digital Generation Better Than The Meme1653 Words   |  7 Pageson the internet has led to both the misuse of the term as well as a reluctance to utilise the word in academic discourse by some authors. This website is intended to investigate how the memes apply to the creation and transmission of the economic philosophy Marxism, and, in doing so, demonstrate one way in which memes can be used as a critical framework. Meme Theory: The term â€Å"meme† can be attributed to the Professor Richard Dawkins who wanted a word to help create an analogy to describe how genes

Homelessness The Logical Solution - 1246 Words

Caio Maluly Roxana Julià ¡ Economic Growth Homelessness: The Logical Solution Abstract: Homelessness is an issue, which plagues millions of Americans on a daily-basis. The current mainstream method of dealing with this issue has proven to be inefficient and extremely expensive, a burden which is passed onto society, despite the plethora of alternative methods which have a proven success rate and also have a much larger cost when compared to that associated with general homelessness in the country. Introduction: Homelessness in New York is not a new phenomenon, a plague that sprung as a consequence of the city’s rapid economic development. There is evidence that it dates back to at least the colonial era, although the sheer volumes of people who experience homelessness have increased tremendously. The first big wave of homelessness was caused by the Great Depression of the 1930’s, which dislocated millions of American families and made â€Å"homelessness a routine, persistent, visible feature of urban life,†(1) which affected a wide population of the country. After the 2008 financial collapse, homelessness again became a feature of the majority of large cities, and has been present in many small towns, a consequence of the latest recession, which affected millions of people. Today, homelessness in America is experienced on a daily basis, by â€Å"at least 800,000 people, out of which about 200,00 are children in homeless families.†(2) It is without a surprise then that â€Å"nearlyShow MoreRelatedThe National Alliance For End Homelessness Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesepidemic. The National Alliance to End Homelessness (NAEH) released an article stating, â€Å"In January 2015, 564,708 people were homeless on a given night in the United States† (Snapshot of Homelessness). We must develop a solution to end long term homelessness immediately. The best way of solving this issue is to provide stable long-term housing, which is a term used to describe the home’s environment and financial status. The most logical solution for homelessness is a project known as Housing FirstRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 PagesCenter on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even larger quantity of people are not aware of the situation that is happening in every major city of America. For those living an affluent lifestyle, it can be difficult to discuss the amount of poverty and homelessness that is constantly occurring. The definition and meaning behind the absence of home is also arduous to discuss. While homelessness is commonlyRead MoreThe Effect of Homelessness on the Youth of America1086 Words   |  5 Pagesnight, you can find these children ducking into abandoned buildings, crammed up against alley dumpsters, curled inside the big yellow slide of a local playground. I imagine they are thankful for sleep, wary of a new day, but thankful nonetheless. Homelessness at such a young age if left alone, leads to increased rates of conflict. The more homeless youths now, the more our country as a whole will have to deal with divorce, men tal illness, and the need for government assistance. We can prevent thisRead MoreHomeless Strategy Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesRoberts The case at hand addresses the crisis of homelessness in Seattle. Mayor Schell attempts to tackle the problem and makes a pledge to end the epidemic that he may or may not be able to keep. Specifically, the mayor pledges in June that by Christmas 1998 there will not be homeless women or children living on the streets of his cities (Electronic Hallway). This pledge garnered mass attention as it was run on both local newspapers and televised. Homelessness is robust in nature and scope and takes moreRead MoreHomelessness : An American Crime1276 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness: An American Crime Imagine that you are homeless. You live on the streets, roaming from place to place. The only clothes you own are the ones on your back and all your possessions fit neatly into a single trash bag. Your daily worries consist of where your next meal will be coming from, or if you are going to be able to find somewhere to sleep that night. You cannot even find a bench in the park to sleep on for fear that you will be arrested. You cannot ask kind strangers for money toRead MoreHeroin Addiction : The United States1743 Words   |  7 Pagesthe U.S., it is actually a problem of major public health importance because there are numerous physical, economic, and social risks associated with heroin dependence. Heroin dependence in the United States accounts for brain damage, increased homelessness, crime, and incarceration rates, as well as economic decline. History of Heroin in the U.S. Heroin was initially created by Charles Wright in 1874 to combat Morphine addiction amongst Civil War soldiers. The commercial production of heroin beganRead MoreBILL PROPOSAL1062 Words   |  5 Pagesbe more symptomatic, have multiple health and social problems, and require more costly care, including inpatient hospitalization (Center for Mental Health Services and Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2000). Many are at increased risk of homelessness and incarceration. Of the 10 million adults who enter US jails each year, about700, 000 of them have co-occurring disorders (United States Department of Justice Statistics, 1997). In 2000, the Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organization’sRead MorePost 1900 American Homelessness Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pages56million different people were recorded to have used an emergency housing shelter (â€Å"The 2009 annual,† 2010). These numbers do not account for those who did not use emergency housing shelters, but were defined as homeless. The legal definition of homelessness one would have to review the McKinney-Veto act of 1987, it states â€Å"An individual who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence† and places that are not meant to be permanent places of residency such as public space (1987). The historyRead MoreThe Care For Life Program1109 Words   |  5 Pagesfunded community-based nonprofit organization. Developed to fill the void for early childhood educational services around the metropolitan areas. This organization caters to children with parents that are experiencing compromising situations such as homelessness, domestic violence and financial hardship. At Care for life, our coordinating department and parent committee strive to deliver the best support for adolescent behavioral study, family planning, and early childhood educational resources. CareRead MoreReflection Paper On Advocacy1626 Words   |  7 Pagessome and not all. Formulating a Plan My task force was not very big nor was this a burning social issue. I did not expect to change the ordinance on panhandling. I thought conceivably a conversation would bring attention to the oppression and a solution could be attempted to lessen the arrests. There is little to no difference between those that solicit for a charity and those that solicit for survival Loper v. New York City Police Dep’t, 999 F.2d 699 (1993), Schaumburg v. Citizens for a Better

Ways in which Lifelong Learning can Contribute towards the...

Introduction: In this essay, ways in which lifelong learning can contribute towards the new global culture and new knowledge society, facts about lifelong learning and how the educator deals with the learners will be discussed. What is learning? Learning is defined as obtaining a new ability or knowledge. For example: leaning to ride a bike, learning to walk, learning a new language, and so on. What is lifelong learning? According to the English dictionary, lifelong learning is the â€Å"use of both formal and informal learning opportunities throughout peoples lives in order to foster the continuous development and improvement of the knowledge and skills needed for employment and personal fulfilment.† This means that lifelong learning is the†¦show more content†¦A more disciplinary way to handle a disruptive student would be to keep a list of all the student’s transgressions and then discuss these transgressions with their parents. This forms a dialogue with the parents so that they can find out what the reason is for their child’s disruptive behaviour and therefore being able to come up with a solution to this issue. â€Å"You have to get to the roots of why each individual is acting in such a way. Usually they are searching for attention must find a way to make sure the student can get attention for positive behaviour. Poor behaviour should get either no attention or the kind of attention that is so negative the student wont want it.† – Brad, Compton, CA Dealing with exceptional learners (outstanding): â€Å"An exceptional learner is defined as a student with both gifts and a learning disability.† This means that the learner is either handicapped, autistic, retarded, or has some other kind of disability that requires them to be treated and taught differently. A school or organization is required by the law to make an effort to maintain equality in educational opportunities and admission. â€Å"Legislation in ‘Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973’ forbids discrimination on the basis of physical/sensory handicap or mental retardation.† When dealing with exceptional learners, it is imperative that the lecturer has the appropriate educational course that would suit anShow MoreRelatedComparing The Philosophies Of The Institutions1338 Words   |  6 Pagesaspirations.† â€Å"According to Northern Illinois University 2016 Goals for the strategic plan 1. Foster a respectful campus community which values social justice, health, and inclusion. 2. Champion the recruitment and persistence of a diverse student body. 3. Support students’ academic, personal, and career success through opportunities that foster engagement, learning, and development. 4. Recruit, retain and develop a diverse, mission-driven, and talented staff. 5. Ethically and efficiently manageRead MoreThe Role of Ethics and Law in Creating and Maintaining Efficient Markets 1856 Words   |  7 Pagesmanner that contributes towards modern day concepts of sustainability and protection of natural resources around the world. The global business leaders of tomorrow will need to be flexible and able to incorporate all aspects of good decision-making in an increasingly complex global business environment. (Berenbeim 2005) Ethical leadership has become vital to the future of American businesses as they mold the foundation for these developing generations. Executives operating within today’s society must beRead MoreIct Entrepreneurship For Social Impact Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pageswith all the money in the world, yet he showed up every day to change the world. Rather than just retire and play with his money, he focuses his time, energy, and resources on making a better world. In 2016, World Telecommunication and Information Society Da y (WTISD-2016) will focus on the theme: â€Å"ICT entrepreneurship for social impact†, in accordance with Resolution 68 and as endorsed by ITU Council 2015.The theme for WTISD-16 is in line with ITU’s work in unlocking the potential of ICTs for youngRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Global Integration1476 Words   |  6 PagesGLOBAL INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It is a term that refers to the fast integration and interdependence of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. GlobalizationRead MoreHps Organizational Culture Analysis1287 Words   |  6 PagesOrganization: Hewlett – Packard (HP) Organization Culture: The organization culture of Hewlett-Packard is also known as â€Å"The H-P Way†. Within the context of â€Å"The H-P Way†, the employees of the organization together with the management are expected to follow a saying â€Å"Don’t Be Evil†. The H-P Way is supposedly to be honest in all its operations and in all of the information coming out from the business organization. But, one cannot remove the fact that not all information are going out and beingRead MoreDigital Technology : A Paradigm Shift3243 Words   |  13 Pagesvariety of computer base programmes of learning being offered within schools. This includes; information technology, technology ICT (information and communication technology), computing, information management, text and information management, the use of web tools, digital media tools, programming tools and software application et cetera (Gordon, 2000). A paradigm shift is a change from one way of thinking to another. It is a form of transformation or revolution which does not just happen, but is determinedRead MoreGlobalisation of Higher Education4579 Words   |  19 Pages  Ã‚  : K-13 A Khirki Extention, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110017  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   E-mail ID  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  : tinugupta76@yahoo.co.in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   GLOBALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION- CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Abstract The term ‘globalization’ means integration of economies and societies through cross country flow of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance and people. Globalization is a process, which has affected many areas of human life, oneRead MoreImplications of the Learning Organization Phenomenon for the Training and Development Field.4748 Words   |  19 Pagesthe learning organization phenomenon for the training and development field. In particular, it considers the following questions: what is a learning organization? - how and why has this phenomenon come about?; does the pursuit to become a learning organization signal a greater or lesser role for the training profession?; and what is or should be the role of training in learning organizations? INTRODUCTION Today, the rapid pace of change that we all experience demands an unparalleled learning responseRead MoreArt in Education2861 Words   |  12 Pageshave little or no opportunity to learning arts as arts is devalued as a core element in the curriculum. Education, without arts, is an incomplete education that fails to develop the full potential of individuals, communities and societies. Hence arts are of great importance in the students’ learning experiences and should hold a place in education. Arts may no longer hold a place in education because some parents oppose arts as part of their child’s critical learning. Parents feel that arts do notRead MoreWhat Are the Importance of English Language in This Modern World2756 Words   |  12 Pagesit is a mean to communicate in the interconnected and interdependent world. Nowadays, English is called International Language and it is also the second laguage of many countries in the world. Therefore, we can realize the importace in communication of this language. When we know English, we can come to and communicate with the citizens of most of counties in this globe, without any confusion in expressing our feelings and thinkings. The other importance of the language is that it creat a greater

Comparative Business Ethics Of Galleon †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Comparative Business Ethics Of Galleon. Answer: Comparative Business Ethics And Social Responsibility Insider trading calls into questions issues or legality and morality based on ethical considerations. The action taken when using insider information, should be analyzed from the perspective of whether the outcomes can lead to an illegality or not. The action could be legal but not ethical. It could also be illegal yet ethical. Regulators, executives and investors have an important role in reducing the use of insider information within their spheres of authority. Varied implications can arise when nonpublic information is used in trading company stocks. Investigations into cases involving insider trading require secrecy in order to reduce interference and tampering with the evidence. This is critical in successful prosecutions which serve as a deterrent for fund managers from taking similar paths and actions. Insider traders in Wall Street use a number of techniques in order to gain information which is considered nonpublic (US SEC 2017). These range from sifting through the garbage of the target company in which the information is being sought. Disgruntled employees are also used to give information about their companies either with financial inducement or out of malice. Moles are also planted within companies with the aim of collecting confidential information. Persons of high rank who are privy to confidential documents are also corrupted out of avarice in order to leak news before it is made public. The above techniques of collecting information are common in Wall Street. Regulator, investor and executives can undertake the following measures in order to reduce such practices. Regulators The main regulator tasked under the law is the Securities and Exchange Commission. The regulator can push for the reform of the insider trading law as currently stated. The law is weak in setting out the penalties that can be meted out to those found to be culpable. The law is weak in substance but expansive in theory. Defense lawyers capitalize on this shortcoming when representing offenders who have been found guilty of breaching its tenets. Eisenberg Gates (2017) state that in the ruling of Salman v United States, the Supreme Court refused to accept the theories set out as having no basis in law. Strengthening the law would give the regulator more authority in successfully prosecuting such cases. Stiffer penalties and sentencing would act as the deterrent that would curb the illegal techniques of gathering information. Investors Investors often make choices to invest after receiving information from financial advisors who operate in Wall Street. Some of these entities are in actual fact nothing more than illegal information gathering shops. These advisors form part of the intricate labyrinth within Wall Street that propagates the continued use of techniques that are illegal when gathering information. Investors can help curb such practices by undertaking due diligence to establish how such financial advisors gather their information. Seeking the SEC in cases where they need confirmation is advisable before engaging such firms. This will help reduce the use of such practices and which is the basis of insider trading. This will also help to protect the funds they have been tasked with investing. Executives Executives can reduce this vice from two perspectives. The first perspective is where the executive is leading a firm engaged in trading shares or managing funds. Having a strong and clear organizational policy on insider trading is important. It should spell out the boundaries of trading together with penalties applicable for breaches. Sherwood (2012) states those blackout periods should be included in such a policy. This includes periods such as before companies release material information or the release of quarterly earnings. Limitations on how employees can dispose of their shares will also reduce the practice of insider trading by making it difficult to gain from selling their company stocks. Adopting share plans which are automatic by the executives is a good starting point. The second perspective for executives is where they are leading companies that are actively traded on the stock exchange. To ensure that their employs are not enticed by external players to engage in such practices, creating a conducive working environment is encouraged. Providing leadership that promotes equity and fairness will ensure that no employees are disgruntled and who may decide to sell confidential company information. Promoting and instilling work ethics will also reduce the probability of such occurrences at the workplace. Regular screening of employees in order to identify moles should be encouraged. Improving security and ensuring confidential company documents are safeguarded or properly destroyed will also assist in reducing this vice in Wall Street. One of the implications of sharing insider information is with regards to stocks which are traded. The information used to buy or sell shares on the stock exchanges distorts the true reality and value of the market and distorts market forces. The market forces are the fundamental stabilizing foundations that ensure stability in the market. Smith Block (2016) assert that artificial manipulation of the market dynamics creates instability that can lead to market crashes. Artificial and inflated value is given to stocks without backing based on market fundamentals. Trading based on insider information can result in market crashes it is discovered that particular company shares are inflated artificially. Sabin (2009) states that a good example occurred in 1920, when the actions of J.P Morgan Co precipitated the market crash that triggered the Great Depression. Another implication of sharing confidential material information is that it has the potential to harm investors. In the event that the material facts being shared are false, making decisions based from that stand can lead to massive losses. This is the basis of ponzi schemes and scams within companies. Some information which is passed on is intentionally misleading. It is given with the aim of triggering a domino and cascading effect that is capitalized by a select few (Walsh 2017). On getting such information and passing it on with cross checking is dangerous and unethical. It creates culpability on the person sharing such information. This is despite the person involved not gaining personally from such material facts. Overland (2017), posits that it therefore can lead to one being enjoined in civil and criminal proceedings despite having innocently passing on such facts off the cuff. The other critical implication of sharing confidential knowledge about a stock is that it is intricately linked with the larger financial market and the economy at large (Witter 2016). Third parties may take out a bank loan to purchase the stocks which they think will appreciate. In the case that the stock does not appreciate but plunges down puts the bank at risk as it holds stock which is not worth its value. When this occurs on a massive scale due to several thousand people buying at the same time, banks may ultimately fail and need to be rescued. The instability in the financial institutions may cause ripple effects that affect the whole economy. Thus insider trading has the implication of harming the economy of a nation at large. Knowing information that is nonpublic changes the dynamics when one is trading a stock from three perspectives. The first reasoning that will guide the decision taken will be based on ethical grounds in not trading such a stock (Ferrel, Fraedrich Ferrel 2017). The ethical principle of rights and duties is appropriate in this particular situation (Xu Ma 2016). The senior manager to whom I report to has the right to the information in my possession in order to give directions on how to proceed. I also have the right to privacy in controlling the way I control the material facts about the stock. I should exercise good judgment and discretion as a trader. With the rights come duties such as the duty to act truthfully, with integrity and to do justice. The concept of not causing harm to others will also guide me in handling a stock of which I am privy to confidential information. The second reasoning that will guide my actions is based on institutional guidelines on such incidences. This will be in the form of the existing company policy that articulates the circumstances, sensitivity and size of outcomes of trading in such a stock (Governance Institute of Australia 2014). The terms set out in the employment contract that spell out obligations of confidentiality should also contribute to the decision that will be made. Lenkey (2014) states that apart from the confidentiality agreements which are internal, similar arrangements with external stakeholders should be taken in consideration in making taking a holistic position. If the company whose stock is being traded actively and purposely leaked information to their advantage, the lack of a confidentiality agreement should not lessen the ethical position that may influence me. The third perspective is that of trading the stock as a stock holder. In the event that selling the stock will substantially benefit me, I have to balance the outcome with ethical considerations. Based on the theory of consequentialism, weighing the outcomes of the action taken is critical. Will my action result in minimizing harm and maximizing benefit or the vice versa (Andric Tanyi 2016). The altruistic position would be ideal in this situation in that it will lead to benefiting others even at my personal cost. I may miss out in benefiting financially but will help in a small way in reducing the overall domino effect of selling simultaneously by similar stockholders. This action helps reflect the true value of the stock for other holders. The employment of secret investigation by SEC is helpful in successful prosecutions that lead to convictions. The investigation which uses methods such as wiretaps and informers helps to keep the investigation confidential and minimizes interference (Chang 2012). The principal persons being investigated may derail the investigation if a formal investigation is launched. They may tamper with the evidence by destroying incriminating documents in their possession. Witnesses who may testify against them stand to be intimidated or even eliminated. Witnesses are often forced to cooperate with the prosecutors in order to lessen their part in the case through plea bargaining. They may alternatively be coerced by monetary gain to refuse to testify. Secret investigations avail more material facts and information that leads to successful convictions. Secret investigations help to reduce the propensity by fund managers and investors from divulging nonpublic information. The lack of knowledge as to whether they are being investigated helps to keep in such persons in check and to be in compliance with company policy and laws that regulate insider trading. This in effect makes everybody who can engage in such practices a target and potential suspect. The unspoken implications are clearly spelt out in the outcomes of cases that have been concluded. The penalties exacted coupled with the prison sentences serve as the deterrent that works to reduce the practice of insider trading. Friedrich (2016) asserts that the precedent set helps keep in check organizational malpractices when using nonpublic information. The investigation that is secret also helps to reduce the bonds that are normally prevalent within Wall Street. The hedge fund industry is run by a tightly knit group of persons. Most of them attended the same schools for the elite and are family friends. Ahern (2017) states that the ability to penetrate such networks and circles is difficult due to the deep loyalties that holds toward each other. The only way that investigators can breach such loyalties is through the use of covert means such as wire tapping. Such persons within the group can quickly find out suspicious outsiders. Taking time to ingratiate moles in such situations is difficult and takes up too much invaluable time in the investigation. Thus secret investigations quicken the process, saves manpower and resources. Conclusion The Galleon case serves to present the potential outcomes that are associated with insider trading. Insider trading involves using nonpublic information to make personal gain when trading stocks. The investigator and regulator used secret means of investigating which yielded successful outcomes. Executives, investors and regulators can get engaged proactively in order to reduce this vice within organizations. Being privy to such confidential material information, calls for one to make decisions based on ethics and morality as well as company policy. The outcomes of this particular case set the precedent that deters future criminality in using insider information. This is based on the use of private investigations that considers fund managers as potential suspects to be investigated. References Ahern, KR, 2017, 'Information networks: Evidence from illegal insider trading tips', Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 26-47. Available from: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.03.009, viewed 20 September 2017. Andri?, V, Tanyi, A, 2016, 'Multi-Dimensional Consequentialism and Risk', Ethical Theory Moral Practice, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 49-57. Available from: 10.1007/s10677-015-9658-5, viewed 20 September 2017. Chang, A., 2012, Wall Street wiretaps: investigators use insiders own words to convict them, viewed 20 September, https://www.npr.org/2012/12/26/168021457/wall-street-wiretaps-investigators-use-insiders-own-words-to-convict-them Eisenberg, J., Gates, L, 2017, Insider trading law after Salam, viewed 20 September, https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2017/01/18/insider-trading-law-after-salman/ Ferrel, O., Fraedrich, J., Ferrel, L., 2017, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases (11 Ed), CEngage Friedrich, EK, 2016, 'Insider Trading After Newman : The Impact on Financial Institutions', Journal of Taxation Regulation of Financial Institutions, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 23-30. Governance Institute of Australia, 2014, Handling confidential market-sensitive information: Principles of good governance, viewed 20 September, https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au. Lenkey, SL, 2014, 'Advance Disclosure of Insider Trading', Review of Financial Studies, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 2504-2537. Overland, J 2017, 'Insider Trading, Materiality and the Reasonable Person: Who Must Be Influenced for Information to Have a "Material Effect"?', Australian Business Law Review, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 213-228. Sabin, G, 2009, 10 Folks who got rich during the Depression, viewed 20 September, https://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/08/20/mf.fortune.depression/ Sherwood, M, 2012, How to prevent insider trading in your ranks, viewed 20 September, https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/business-education/how-to-prevent-insider-trading-in-your-ranks/article4239232/?ref=https://www.theglobeandmail.com Smith, T, Block, W, 2016, 'The Economics of Insider Trading: A Free Market Perspective', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 47-53. Available from: 10.1007/s10551-015-2621-5, viewed 20 September 2017. US SEC, 2017, Fast answers: Insider trading, viewed 20 September, https://www.sec.gov/fast-answers/answersinsiderhtm.html Walsh, J, 2017, '"LOOK THEN TO BE WELL EDIFIED, WHEN THE FOOL DELIVERS THE MADMAN": INSIDER-TRADING REGULATION AFTER SALMAN V. UNITED STATES', Case Western Reserve Law Review, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 979-997. Witter, N, 2016, 'Insider Trading and Newman Applied: Goldman Sachs', Review of Banking Financial Law, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 144-158. Xu, Z, Ma, H, 2016, 'How Can a Deontological Decision Lead to Moral Behavior? The Moderating Role of Moral Identity', Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 537-549. Available from: 10.1007/s10551-015-2576-6. [20 September 2017].

LiFung free essay sample

Fung, which is a long-standing Hong Kong based company, has evolved from an export trading company to a coordinator of value-added services across the whole supply chain in a global, open manufacturing circumstance. Its corporate culture has enabled it to keep pace with the current trend of global business. The successful acquisitions and the venture capital make the company grows stably and rapidly. However, the company now faces some challenges coming from Asian financial environment and related policies. High sensitive of the change in macro environment is essential for the company to success. At the same time, keeping Asia in an important position could take long time competitive advantages. Finally, the update of information and technology may bring more efficiency and effective within the organization. Introduction Li amp; Fung was the first export company that solely funded by Chinese capital in Chinese trade history. Fung Yiu-hing and Li To-ming founded it in 1906 in Guangzhou, China. We will write a custom essay sample on LiFung or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The firm grew to be a limited company in Hong Kong on December 28, 1937. The company expanded quickly to globalize by the leading of the second generation from the Fung family. The high-speed growth of Li amp; Fung Limited started when the third generation of Fung’s family took over the organization. The core parts of the company’s business are foreign trade, logistic, distribution and retail. Victor and William tried to restructure the company, use the modem human resource management, and utilized professional management skills to control the company without eliminating the Chinese style management. Li amp; Fung Limited made use of acquisition to take over the competitors and expanded their suppliers and clients all over the world. The most famous and successful one is the acquisition of Inchcape Buying Services (IBS), which helped Li amp; Fung Limited to open the European market. At the same time, the brothers establish a venture capital corporation to accompany the suppliers and stable its supply chain. According to one anonymous (1999), Li amp; Fung is the world’s largest trade sourcing company and it pioneers a new model for multinationals. By now, William and Victor want to expand the company from Asia based company into a region closer to their target market. With the new trend of the global economy, Li amp; Fung Limited will encounter more challenges and find a way out of a difficulty. Since its foundation, the company has establishes a culture that incorporates pragmatism and innovation. According to Msmith (2008), the progressive corporate culture, which blends traditional pragmatic reasoning with entrepreneurial innovation, has enabled adaptability and growth in a dynamic market. Additionally, it combines the Chinese business culture (â€Å"Chineseness†) with the foreign operations. Not only is it expects loyalty and reward diligent, but it also has a reasonable and transparent bonus system, where bonuses were based solely on profit performance. Generally, the company is employee-concerned, where the workers and managers are treated as family. As is the vision of the corporation, they strive to use resources efficiently; to add business value for our customers and their suppliers; to focus on the health and wellbeing of our colleagues; and to positively impact our communities and societies (2013). Analysis of Li amp; Fung Li amp; Fung’s outsourcing matrix suits particularly well to its global position and activity: To begin with, outsourcing teams are firstly divided into two main product categories: soft and hard goods. Since they â€Å"specialized† in a certain kind of good, they develop a certain expertise, which is an asset in their discussions with external agents. Besides, inside each category, the teams are divided depending on their geographical market. This organization displays an advantage in satisfying specific local needs. Furthermore, connection and communication is established and fostered between the divisions, which know exactly whom to contact for each particular issue. Finally, Li amp; Fung is able to efficiently master the â€Å"4Cs† (connections, communications, control of quality, and consolidation of shipments), and obtain a competitive advantage because of their organizational chart. In terms of Li amp; Fung’s business model, it is â€Å"a virtual factory† or â€Å"private label manufacturing program†. This means that it specializes in providing product itself, not brand or promotion. Although there is big scale merit in production of textile industry, it is difficult that each company has a big factory as there are lots of competitors and fashion of the clothes are always changing, as is thought by Swan (2008). As to company which has a talent of designing or marketing, it is better not to have its manufacturing and outsourcing. Maybe this is why Li amp; Fung is always required from many customers. Also, Li amp; Fung has developed the relationship through its network so that it can get such soft goods as textiles at high speed and excellent quality with the lowest cost. Successful acquisition Li amp; Fung’s mergers have been the main way of expending their business. Among all the mergers, the biggest merger during 1994 to 1997, which is acquiring IBS, is the most successful and famous one even in the global range. The main reason why Li amp; Fung can get so many benefits from merger is based on the following reasons. The first reason is that, Li amp; Fung knows which company to merge. When Li amp; Fung choose companies, they will look for what the company is having at that time, the sourcing, the customers and the employees. In this way, Li amp; Fung can complement the blank its current business. For example, although the margin of IBS was only 0. 8% and the combined average was 2. 2%, the sourcing supplement brought by IBS has make up the blank of Li amp; Fung’s South Asia, Europe, the Mediterranean and Latin America. The second reason is that Li amp; Fung knows how to merge. At that time Li amp; Fung is the largest world’s supplier of retailers and IBS was the second largest. So the merge was very difficult and was treat as an elephant eat elephant merger. Especially for the huge difference between the two companies, Li amp; Fung was a U. S. style Chinese-family business, While IBS was a British company. There would be a lot of unaccustomed and conflicts as expected. So Li amp; Fung created a transition team to review organizational processes and implement a unit-by-unit transition. Instead of doing the transition after the merger, Li amp; Fung did it ahead of the merger, in order of saving accustoming time. When the scale of the company increases, the operational mode of the company has to keep changing as well. After the merger, Li amp; Fung’s scale is twice as big. Li amp; Fung changed its mode into a more efficient and suitable one. It assigned managers to customer groups and not countries. This has made the management to be more professional and make the production more efficient. The merger has made the sourcing matrix of Li amp; Fung more mature. The margin of Li amp; Fung was higher than those of other companies due to their regionally coordinated sourcing services. Small Venture Capital Arm In 1986, Li amp; Fung established a small venture capital group in order to improve and perfect the whole supply chain. LFI invested in companies, which could assist the Li amp; Fung’s sourcing services. Magretta (1998) indicates that Victor said â€Å"A big piece of our corporate development is plugging those holes-the phrase we use is filling in the mosaic and we use venture capital to do it. † LFI pay the same attention on the companies’ management system as the product when they were choosing the company to invest. Biers (2000) said, â€Å"Its venture activity has remained modest by industry standards, with just two or three new investments a year, each typically of just a few million dollars or less. The CEO of LFI mentioned that they only invested in companies that had at least $3 million profit, lack of resource and kept the control of the company. At the same time, they were looking for the young and creative companies that owned by people with design and marketing talent. The most successful capital injection is the investment to a promotional company; Cyrk Inc. LFI spe nt $200,000 in order to take 30% shares in Cyrk Inc. during 1990. At the very start, Cyrk Inc. provided service of T-shirt print. Three year after the capital injection, the sales volume raised 20 times more than before through capitalized on its logo and promotional design capabilities. In this case, they made contract with Philip Morris to produce a full line of promotional clothing. Five years later, LFI sold their shares of Cyrk Inc. for about $65 million. After spending a great deal of investment in America, LFI transferred their sight to the European market. As a result of diverse culture and language, it was more difficult to invest in several companies to cover the whole European market. The complex situation required the managers in European have more experience and different strategies for different countries. During the process of helping these companies, they gain experience about the selection of the collaborate companies and create more opportunities to broaden their business fields. At the same time, Li amp; Fung can gain high reputations among the growing companies, because the goal of the LFI is not acquire these companies. In this case, these companies could unconstrained develop themselves. And Li amp; Fung could not only maintain the good relationship with both potential partners and current partners. Challenges amp; Recommendations For Li amp; Fung, although it is already the largest export company in the world, it is still facing a lot of challenges. According to the trend of international Economics, Asian Financial Crisis will be gone. By then, the labor cost of Li amp; Fung will not be as low as now. So margin will be lower in the coming future. But even if the Asian market has recovered, its labor cost is still lower than other countries; also the gap between the wealthy and poor is huge. Most of people are living under average level, which will bring a low cost of labor. Also Asian has a large population, which will involve a large number of rich people, whose price sensitivity is low and needs are high. They can purchase the products, which have been produced in Asian. So Li amp; Fung could give more attention to Asian Market, instead of giving it up. Policies of trade protection, which have been published by governments in different countries, will also be a huge challenge to Li amp; Fung. Under this circumstance, all that Li amp; Fung can do is to prevent before it or actively adjust after the coming of policies. Li amp; Fung should do market research and macroeconomics analysis regularly in order to choose the very best sourcing places. Also, it ought to try to find outstanding suppliers in different economic regions and different fields, so that the risk will be shared. Thereby, Li amp; Fung should closely monitor the changes of economics and adjust it in time. With the development of technology, information system is playing an important role in supply chain management. In this case, Li amp; Fung could establish a proprietary information network that enabled clients to view the status of an order. This will improve their customer relationship management. At the same time, they could set up a powerful database to do data mining, which could collect the data of suppliers and consumers, in order to calculate the shortest time and distance and lowest cost in operation. Also they can collect the data of customers, so that they can know better of market needs and offer better service. Overall, for Li amp; Fung, challenges and chances are coexisting. If it could continue to reflect, to improve, it would keep up with the trend of world economics and update information and technology timely. References 1. Biers, D. (2000). Thinking small. Far Eastern Economic Review, 163(46), 48-48. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/208225120? accountid=9744 2. Li amp; fung pioneers a new model for multinationals. (1999). Strategic Direction, 15(6), 24-25. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/218626878? accountid=9744 3. Li amp; Fung: Beyond â€Å"Filling in the Mosaic†, 1998-1998(HBS Case 9-398-092). 4. Magretta, J. (1998), Fast, global, and entrepreneurial: Supply chain management, hong kong style: An interview with victor fung. Harvard Business Review, 76(5), 102-114. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/227758445? accountid=9744 5. Mismith068 (2008, 12). Li and Fung Case Analysis. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 12, 2008, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Li-Fung-Case-Analysis-185365. html 6. Swan (2008, 9). Agri-Future; trendspotting amp; future thinking. Retrieved 9, 2008, from http://swan-futurethinking. blogspot. ca/2008_09_01_archive. html 7. Sustainability (2013, 3). Retrieved March 14, 2013 from http://www. lifung. com/eng/csr/csr1. php